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Vegetable Full Sun Regular water

Artichoke

Written by the GrowByCity Editorial Team · Updated April 2026
2 min read

Stunning architectural plant. Hardy enough to withstand light frosts down to -5°C, artichoke performs best when daytime temperatures stay between 12°C and 24°C. Give it full sun (6-8 hours of direct light daily) and regular watering to keep soil consistently moist, and expect to harvest in roughly 150-180 days. A staple of kitchen gardens and allotments, it rewards even first-time growers with a generous harvest.

Harvest 150-180 days
Temp Range -5°C — 30°C
Frost Tolerant ❄

Quick Answer: How to Grow Artichoke

Artichoke takes 150-180 days to harvest. It grows best in 12–24°C with full sun and regular watering. Artichoke is frost tolerant and can handle temperatures down to -5°C. It can be grown in 350 cities worldwide.

Find the best time to plant Artichoke in your city →

Growing Requirements

☀️
Sun
Full Sun
💧
Water
Regular
❄️
Frost
Tolerant
📅
Harvest
150-180 days

Temperature Range

12-24°C
-10°C 45°C
Optimal: 12–24°C Tolerates: -5–30°C
Tropical suitable: No
Cities growing: 350 of 350

Growing Tips

💡

Expert Tips

Needs vernalization (cold period) to produce buds. Mulch crowns in winter. Can be planted 2-3 weeks before the last expected frost, giving it a head start on the growing season. Aim for about 2.5 cm of water per week, adjusting for rainfall. Organic mulch around the base helps maintain even moisture.

Quick Facts

  • Grows in 350 of 350 cities
  • Available in 7 regions worldwide
  • Temperature range: -5°C to 30°C
  • Optimal growing: 12°C to 24°C
  • Harvest in 150-180 days

Did You Know?

  • 🌱 Artichoke is frost-tolerant, meaning it can survive light frosts and even thrive in cooler temperatures.
  • 🌱 Artichoke needs at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.

Step-by-Step Growing Guide

Artichokes are dramatic, architectural perennials that need a cold dormancy period (vernalization at 0–10°C for 250–500 hours) to trigger bud formation — this is why they produce poorly in consistently warm climates. In mild-winter regions (USDA zones 7–11) they grow as long-lived perennials; elsewhere treat as annuals using cold-treated transplants. Start seeds indoors 8–10 weeks before last frost, or purchase starts. Transplant into deeply enriched, well-drained loam with pH 6.0–7.0 — artichokes are heavy feeders. Space plants 120–150cm apart as they grow to 1.5m tall and wide. Apply balanced fertilizer monthly during the growing season and mulch generously. Water deeply at 4–5cm per week — drought causes small, bitter buds. In winter, cut foliage to 30cm and mulch crowns heavily with straw in zones 6 and colder. Divide crowns every 3–4 years in spring.

Common Pests & Problems

Artichoke plume moth (Platyptilia carduidactyla) is the most significant pest — tiny larvae bore into buds and stalks from the inside, causing browning and rot; remove spent stalks promptly after harvest and treat with Bt spray targeting young caterpillars in spring. Curly dwarf virus causes severe stunting and distorted, rugose leaves — transmitted by aphids and has no cure; remove infected plants and control aphid vectors with insecticidal soap. Botrytis rot (Botrytis cinerea) invades damaged or old buds in wet weather, producing fuzzy gray mold — harvest buds promptly at the right stage and remove any decaying plant material immediately.

Harvest & Storage

Harvest buds when they are plump, tightly closed, and firm — the scales should be compact and squeak when squeezed. The central bud (the largest) is harvested first. Cut with 5–8cm of stem. Do not wait until scales open — at that stage the bud is past prime and moving toward flowering. Freshly harvested artichokes keep 1–2 weeks refrigerated in a sealed plastic bag with a few drops of water. For longer storage, steam and freeze hearts for up to 12 months.

Popular Varieties

"Green Globe" is the dominant California commercial variety — large, uniformly round buds with a classic appearance and robust flavor; the gold standard for most home gardens. "Imperial Star" was bred specifically to produce buds without vernalization in the first year, making it reliable as an annual in any climate — an All-America Selections winner. "Violetto di Romagna" is an Italian heirloom with striking purple-tinged scales and a slightly more delicate, nutty flavor than green types. "Gros Vert de Laon" is a French heirloom with very large, elongated buds prized by chefs for their meaty hearts.

Where to Grow Artichoke

Artichoke can be grown in 350 cities across 7 regions worldwide

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Europe

80 cities
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Asia

79 cities
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North America

78 cities
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Africa

39 cities
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South America

39 cities
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Oceania

19 cities
🕌

Middle East

16 cities

🌍 Europe (80 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Aarhus, DK hard
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Amsterdam, NL hard
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Ankara, TR hard
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Antalya, TR hard
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Athens, GR hard
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Barcelona, ES hard
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Bari, IT hard
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Belgrade, RS hard
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Bergen, NO hard
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Berlin, DE hard
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Bilbao, ES hard
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Bologna, IT hard
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Bordeaux, FR hard
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Bratislava, SK hard
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Brussels, BE hard
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Bucharest, RO hard
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Budapest, HU hard
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Catania, IT hard
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Cologne, DE hard
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Copenhagen, DK hard
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Corfu, GR hard
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Cork, IE hard
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Dublin, IE hard
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Dubrovnik, HR hard
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Edinburgh, GB hard
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Florence, IT hard
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Frankfurt, DE hard
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Gdansk, PL hard
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Genoa, IT hard
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Glasgow, GB hard
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Gothenburg, SE hard
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Hamburg, DE hard
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Helsinki, FI hard
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Heraklion, GR hard
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Istanbul, TR hard
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Izmir, TR hard
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Krakow, PL hard
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Kyiv, UA hard
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Limassol, CY hard
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Lisbon, PT hard
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Ljubljana, SI hard
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London, GB hard
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Lyon, FR hard
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Madrid, ES hard
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Malaga, ES hard
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Marseille, FR hard
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Milan, IT hard
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Munich, DE hard
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Naples, IT hard
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Nice, FR hard
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Nicosia, CY hard
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Oslo, NO hard
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Palermo, IT hard
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Paris, FR hard
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Porto, PT hard
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Poznan, PL hard
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Prague, CZ hard
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Reykjavik, IS hard
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Riga, LV hard
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Rome, IT hard
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Seville, ES hard
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Sofia, BG hard
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Split, HR hard
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Stockholm, SE hard
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Strasbourg, FR hard
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Stuttgart, DE hard
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Tallinn, EE hard
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Thessaloniki, GR hard
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Tirana, AL hard
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Toulouse, FR hard
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Turin, IT hard
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Turku, FI hard
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Valencia, ES hard
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Valletta, MT hard
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Verona, IT hard
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Vienna, AT hard
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Vilnius, LT hard
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Warsaw, PL hard
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Zagreb, HR hard
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Zurich, CH hard
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🌏 Asia (79 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Ahmedabad, IN hard
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Almaty, KZ hard
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Bali, ID hard
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Bandung, ID hard
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Bangalore, IN hard
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Bangkok, TH hard
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Beijing, CN hard
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Busan, KR hard
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Cebu, PH hard
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Chandigarh, IN hard
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Chengdu, CN hard
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Chennai, IN hard
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Chiang Mai, TH hard
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Chittagong, BD hard
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Chongqing, CN hard
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Coimbatore, IN hard
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Colombo, LK hard
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Da Nang, VN hard
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Dalian, CN hard
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Davao, PH hard
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Delhi, IN hard
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Dhaka, BD hard
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Dharan, NP hard
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Fukuoka, JP hard
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Galle, LK hard
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Guangzhou, CN hard
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Hangzhou, CN hard
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Hanoi, VN hard
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Harbin, CN hard
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Ho Chi Minh City, VN hard
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Hong Kong, HK hard
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Hyderabad, IN hard
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Incheon, KR hard
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Indore, IN hard
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Islamabad, PK hard
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Jaipur, IN hard
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Jakarta, ID hard
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Jeju, KR hard
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Johor Bahru, MY hard
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Karachi, PK hard
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Kathmandu, NP hard
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Kochi, IN hard
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Kolkata, IN hard
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Kuala Lumpur, MY hard
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Kunming, CN hard
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Kyoto, JP hard
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Lahore, PK hard
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Lucknow, IN hard
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Manila, PH hard
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Mumbai, IN hard
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Nagoya, JP hard
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Nanjing, CN hard
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Nha Trang, VN hard
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Okinawa, JP hard
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Osaka, JP hard
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Pattaya, TH hard
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Penang, MY hard
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Phnom Penh, KH hard
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Pune, IN hard
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Sapporo, JP hard
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Seoul, KR hard
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Shanghai, CN hard
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Shenzhen, CN hard
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Siem Reap, KH hard
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Singapore, SG hard
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Surabaya, ID hard
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Surat, IN hard
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Taipei, TW hard
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Tashkent, UZ hard
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Tbilisi, GE hard
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Tokyo, JP hard
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Ulaanbaatar, MN hard
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Varanasi, IN hard
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Vientiane, LA hard
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Visakhapatnam, IN hard
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Wuhan, CN hard
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Xi'an, CN hard
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Xiamen, CN hard
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Yangon, MM hard
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🌎 North America (78 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Albuquerque, US hard
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Anchorage, US hard
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Atlanta, US hard
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Austin, US hard
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Baltimore, US hard
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Baton Rouge, US hard
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Boise, US hard
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Boston, US hard
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Bridgetown, BB hard
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Buffalo, US hard
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Calgary, CA hard
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Cancun, MX hard
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Charleston, US hard
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Charlotte, US hard
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Chattanooga, US hard
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Chicago, US hard
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Denver, US hard
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Des Moines, US hard
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Detroit, US hard
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Edmonton, CA hard
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El Paso, US hard
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Fargo, US hard
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Fresno, US hard
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Guadalajara, MX hard
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Halifax, CA hard
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Hartford, US hard
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Havana, CU hard
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Honolulu, US hard
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Houston, US hard
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Jacksonville, US hard
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Kansas City, US hard
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Kingston, JM hard
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Knoxville, US hard
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Las Vegas, US hard
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Little Rock, US hard
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Los Angeles, US hard
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Louisville, US hard
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Lubbock, US hard
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Madison, US hard
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Memphis, US hard
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Mexico City, MX hard
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Miami, US hard
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Milwaukee, US hard
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Minneapolis, US hard
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Monterrey, MX hard
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Montreal, CA hard
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Nashville, US hard
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New Orleans, US hard
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New York, US hard
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Oaxaca, MX hard
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Oklahoma City, US hard
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Omaha, US hard
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Ottawa, CA hard
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Panama City, PA hard
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Phoenix, US hard
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Pittsburgh, US hard
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Portland, US hard
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Puebla, MX hard
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Quebec City, CA hard
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Raleigh, US hard
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Richmond, US hard
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Sacramento, US hard
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Salt Lake City, US hard
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San Diego, US hard
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San Francisco, US hard
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San Jose, CR hard
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Santo Domingo, DO hard
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Saskatoon, CA hard
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Savannah, US hard
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Seattle, US hard
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Spokane, US hard
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St. Louis, US hard
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Tampa, US hard
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Toronto, CA hard
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Tucson, US hard
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Vancouver, CA hard
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Victoria, CA hard
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Winnipeg, CA hard
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🌍 Africa (39 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Abidjan, CI hard
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Accra, GH hard
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Addis Ababa, ET hard
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Algiers, DZ hard
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Antananarivo, MG hard
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Arusha, TZ hard
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Bamako, ML hard
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Bloemfontein, ZA hard
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Cairo, EG hard
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Cape Town, ZA hard
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Casablanca, MA hard
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Dakar, SN hard
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Dar es Salaam, TZ hard
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Douala, CM hard
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Durban, ZA hard
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Entebbe, UG hard
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Fez, MA hard
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Freetown, SL hard
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Harare, ZW hard
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Johannesburg, ZA hard
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Kampala, UG hard
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Kigali, RW hard
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Kinshasa, CD hard
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Lagos, NG hard
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Libreville, GA hard
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Lilongwe, MW hard
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Lome, TG hard
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Luanda, AO hard
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Lusaka, ZM hard
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Maputo, MZ hard
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Marrakech, MA hard
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Mombasa, KE hard
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Nairobi, KE hard
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Ouagadougou, BF hard
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Port Louis, MU hard
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Pretoria, ZA hard
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Tunis, TN hard
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Windhoek, NA hard
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Zanzibar, TZ hard
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🌎 South America (39 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Arequipa, PE hard
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Asuncion, PY hard
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Barranquilla, CO hard
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Belem, BR hard
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Bogota, CO hard
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Brasilia, BR hard
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Buenos Aires, AR hard
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Cali, CO hard
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Campinas, BR hard
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Caracas, VE hard
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Cartagena, CO hard
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Concepcion, CL hard
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Cordoba, AR hard
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Curitiba, BR hard
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Cusco, PE hard
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Fortaleza, BR hard
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Georgetown, GY hard
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Goiania, BR hard
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Guayaquil, EC hard
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La Paz, BO hard
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Lima, PE hard
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Manaus, BR hard
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Medellin, CO hard
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Mendoza, AR hard
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Montevideo, UY hard
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Paramaribo, SR hard
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Port of Spain, TT hard
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Porto Alegre, BR hard
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Quito, EC hard
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Recife, BR hard
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Rio de Janeiro, BR hard
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Rosario, AR hard
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Salvador, BR hard
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Santa Cruz, BO hard
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Santiago, CL hard
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Sao Paulo, BR hard
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Sucre, BO hard
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Trujillo, PE hard
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Valparaiso, CL hard
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🌊 Oceania (19 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Adelaide, AU hard
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Alice Springs, AU hard
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Auckland, NZ hard
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Brisbane, AU hard
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Cairns, AU hard
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Canberra, AU hard
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Christchurch, NZ hard
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Darwin, AU hard
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Dunedin, NZ hard
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Gold Coast, AU hard
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Hamilton, NZ hard
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Hobart, AU hard
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Melbourne, AU hard
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Noumea, NC hard
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Perth, AU hard
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Suva, FJ hard
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Sydney, AU hard
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Townsville, AU hard
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Wellington, NZ hard
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🕌 Middle East (16 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Abu Dhabi, AE hard
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Amman, JO hard
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Baghdad, IQ hard
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Beirut, LB hard
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Doha, QA hard
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Dubai, AE hard
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Erbil, IQ hard
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Jeddah, SA hard
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Kuwait City, KW hard
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Manama, BH hard
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Muscat, OM hard
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Riyadh, SA hard
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Sana'a, YE hard
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Tabriz, IR hard
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Tehran, IR hard
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Tel Aviv, IL hard
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✓
✓

When should I plant artichoke in my city?

The best time to plant artichoke depends on your local climate zone. It thrives in temperatures between 12°C and 24°C. Since artichoke is frost tolerant, you can plant it before the last frost date. Check your city's planting calendar on GrowByCity for exact dates.

Can I grow artichoke in winter?

Yes, artichoke is frost tolerant and can handle temperatures down to -5°C. In many climates, it can be grown through winter with some protection.

Get Artichoke Seeds & Plants

Ready to start growing? Find Artichoke seeds and starter plants online.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Artichoke

When should I plant artichoke?

The best time to plant artichoke depends on your local climate. Artichoke grows best in temperatures between 12°C and 24°C (can tolerate -5°C to 30°C). Artichoke is frost tolerant, so it can be planted earlier in spring or later in fall. Check your city's planting calendar on GrowByCity for exact planting months.

Can artichoke grow in tropical climates?

Artichoke is not well-suited for tropical climates. It prefers cooler conditions with temperatures between 12°C and 24°C. In tropical areas, it may bolt, fail to fruit, or suffer from heat stress. Consider growing it in cooler seasons or at higher elevations.

How long does artichoke take to grow?

Artichoke typically takes 150-180 days from planting to harvest. It requires full sun and regular watering. Needs vernalization (cold period) to produce buds. Mulch crowns in winter. Can be planted 2-3 weeks before the last expected frost, giving it a head start on the growing season. Aim for about 2.5 cm of water per week, adjusting for rainfall. Organic mulch around the base helps maintain even moisture.

Find the Best Time to Plant Artichoke

See the planting calendar for Artichoke in these popular cities:

London, GBMumbai, INNew York, USParis, FRSingapore, SGSydney, AUTokyo, JPToronto, CA

Last updated: March 2026 · Climate data from NOAA, FAO, USDA

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