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Spice Full Sun Low water

Saffron

Written by the GrowByCity Editorial Team · Updated April 2026
2 min read

World's most expensive spice. Hardy enough to withstand light frosts down to -10°C, saffron performs best when daytime temperatures stay between 12°C and 22°C. It needs full sun (6-8 hours of direct light daily) and minimal watering — it prefers dry conditions between drinks — leaves are ready for picking in about 45-60 days. Fresh leaves from your own garden taste noticeably better than store-bought — and the plant practically grows itself.

Harvest 45-60 days
Temp Range -10°C — 30°C
Frost Tolerant ❄

Quick Answer: How to Grow Saffron

Saffron takes 45-60 days to harvest. It grows best in 12–22°C with full sun and low watering. Saffron is frost tolerant and can handle temperatures down to -10°C. It can be grown in 350 cities worldwide.

Find the best time to plant Saffron in your city →

Growing Requirements

☀️
Sun
Full Sun
💧
Water
Low
❄️
Frost
Tolerant
📅
Harvest
45-60 days

Temperature Range

12-22°C
-10°C 45°C
Optimal: 12–22°C Tolerates: -10–30°C
Tropical suitable: No
Cities growing: 350 of 350

Growing Tips

💡

Expert Tips

Plant corms in late summer. Blooms in fall. Can be planted 2-3 weeks before the last expected frost, giving it a head start on the growing season. Overwatering is the most common mistake. Let soil dry out between waterings and ensure drainage is excellent.

Quick Facts

  • Grows in 350 of 350 cities
  • Available in 7 regions worldwide
  • Temperature range: -10°C to 30°C
  • Optimal growing: 12°C to 22°C
  • Harvest in 45-60 days

Did You Know?

  • 🌱 Saffron is frost-tolerant, meaning it can survive light frosts and even thrive in cooler temperatures.
  • 🌱 Saffron needs at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.
  • 🌱 Saffron is drought-tolerant — perfect for gardeners who tend to forget watering!

Step-by-Step Growing Guide

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an autumn-flowering crocus grown from corms in well-drained, moderately fertile soil at pH 6.0–8.0 — excellent drainage is absolutely paramount; saffron corms rot within days in waterlogged conditions. Plant corms in late summer (July–August in the northern hemisphere), 10–15 cm deep and 10–15 cm apart, in the warmest, most freely draining spot available — a south-facing slope, raised bed, or gravel garden are ideal. After planting, the corms need a warm, dry summer dormancy followed by autumn rains (or irrigation) to trigger flowering. Flowers appear in October–November before the leaves, making timing of planting critical. After flowering, long, grass-like leaves emerge and grow through spring — do not mow or remove until they yellow naturally. Feed with a potassium-rich bulb fertilizer in early spring. Lift and divide corms every 3–4 years when flowering begins to decline. Corm multiplication is slow; expect 3–10 new corms per planted corm annually.

Common Pests & Problems

Corm rot (Fusarium oxysporum) is the most devastating problem — corms become soft, brown, and mushy; always plant in freely drained soil, treat corms with a fungicide dust before planting, and do not replant saffron in infected beds for at least 5 years. Mice and voles find saffron corms irresistibly palatable and will dig up entire plantings; install hardware cloth (metal mesh) 2 cm below the soil surface and 30 cm deep around planting beds. Aphids occasionally attack leaves in spring, potentially transmitting viruses; apply insecticidal soap at first sign. In humid climates, violet leaf blight (Rhizoctonia solani) can cause crown rot — improve drainage and ensure corms are planted in hot, sunny positions that dry out rapidly after rain.

Harvest & Storage

Harvest saffron stigmas within hours of each flower opening — ideally in the morning before the heat of the day reduces aromatic compounds. Gently grasp each flower and use fine tweezers or your fingers to pull out the three vivid scarlet-red stigmas (threads), leaving the flower and plant otherwise undisturbed. Each flower produces only three threads; an ounce of dried saffron requires approximately 4,000–5,000 flowers. Spread fresh stigmas in a single layer on tissue and dry in a warm oven at 50–55°C for 20–30 minutes, or dry over a gentle heat source, until completely desiccated. Store in an airtight glass container away from light. Properly dried saffron retains full potency for 2–3 years.

Popular Varieties

Crocus sativus is the only commercially harvested saffron species, and true named cultivars are rare — most saffron is sold by geographic origin, which is the key quality indicator. Kashmiri saffron ("Mongra" or "Lacha") is considered the world's finest, with the longest, thickest threads and highest crocin and safranal content — the gold standard of saffron quality. Spanish saffron from La Mancha (Designation of Origin "Azafrán de La Mancha") is the most widely traded quality saffron globally, produced from locally adapted corm populations. Iranian saffron ("Super Negin" grade) dominates world production by volume, accounting for over 80% of global supply, with excellent color strength and a distinctly floral-honey aroma.

Where to Grow Saffron

Saffron can be grown in 350 cities across 7 regions worldwide

🌍 Europe (80 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Aarhus, DK hard
Amsterdam, NL hard
Ankara, TR hard
Antalya, TR hard
Athens, GR hard
Barcelona, ES hard
Bari, IT hard
Belgrade, RS hard
Bergen, NO hard
Berlin, DE hard
Bilbao, ES hard
Bologna, IT hard
Bordeaux, FR hard
Bratislava, SK hard
Brussels, BE hard
Bucharest, RO hard
Budapest, HU hard
Catania, IT hard
Cologne, DE hard
Copenhagen, DK hard
Corfu, GR hard
Cork, IE hard
Dublin, IE hard
Dubrovnik, HR hard
Edinburgh, GB hard
Florence, IT hard
Frankfurt, DE hard
Gdansk, PL hard
Genoa, IT hard
Glasgow, GB hard
Gothenburg, SE hard
Hamburg, DE hard
Helsinki, FI hard
Heraklion, GR hard
Istanbul, TR hard
Izmir, TR hard
Krakow, PL hard
Kyiv, UA hard
Limassol, CY hard
Lisbon, PT hard
Ljubljana, SI hard
London, GB hard
Lyon, FR hard
Madrid, ES hard
Malaga, ES hard
Marseille, FR hard
Milan, IT hard
Munich, DE hard
Naples, IT hard
Nice, FR hard
Nicosia, CY hard
Oslo, NO hard
Palermo, IT hard
Paris, FR hard
Porto, PT hard
Poznan, PL hard
Prague, CZ hard
Reykjavik, IS hard
Riga, LV hard
Rome, IT hard
Seville, ES hard
Sofia, BG hard
Split, HR hard
Stockholm, SE hard
Strasbourg, FR hard
Stuttgart, DE hard
Tallinn, EE hard
Thessaloniki, GR hard
Tirana, AL hard
Toulouse, FR hard
Turin, IT hard
Turku, FI hard
Valencia, ES hard
Valletta, MT hard
Verona, IT hard
Vienna, AT hard
Vilnius, LT hard
Warsaw, PL hard
Zagreb, HR hard
Zurich, CH hard

🌏 Asia (79 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Ahmedabad, IN hard
Almaty, KZ hard
Bali, ID hard
Bandung, ID hard
Bangalore, IN hard
Bangkok, TH hard
Beijing, CN hard
Busan, KR hard
Cebu, PH hard
Chandigarh, IN hard
Chengdu, CN hard
Chennai, IN hard
Chiang Mai, TH hard
Chittagong, BD hard
Chongqing, CN hard
Coimbatore, IN hard
Colombo, LK hard
Da Nang, VN hard
Dalian, CN hard
Davao, PH hard
Delhi, IN hard
Dhaka, BD hard
Dharan, NP hard
Fukuoka, JP hard
Galle, LK hard
Guangzhou, CN hard
Hangzhou, CN hard
Hanoi, VN hard
Harbin, CN hard
Ho Chi Minh City, VN hard
Hong Kong, HK hard
Hyderabad, IN hard
Incheon, KR hard
Indore, IN hard
Islamabad, PK hard
Jaipur, IN hard
Jakarta, ID hard
Jeju, KR hard
Johor Bahru, MY hard
Karachi, PK hard
Kathmandu, NP hard
Kochi, IN hard
Kolkata, IN hard
Kuala Lumpur, MY hard
Kunming, CN hard
Kyoto, JP hard
Lahore, PK hard
Lucknow, IN hard
Manila, PH hard
Mumbai, IN hard
Nagoya, JP hard
Nanjing, CN hard
Nha Trang, VN hard
Okinawa, JP hard
Osaka, JP hard
Pattaya, TH hard
Penang, MY hard
Phnom Penh, KH hard
Pune, IN hard
Sapporo, JP hard
Seoul, KR hard
Shanghai, CN hard
Shenzhen, CN hard
Siem Reap, KH hard
Singapore, SG hard
Surabaya, ID hard
Surat, IN hard
Taipei, TW hard
Tashkent, UZ hard
Tbilisi, GE hard
Tokyo, JP hard
Ulaanbaatar, MN hard
Varanasi, IN hard
Vientiane, LA hard
Visakhapatnam, IN hard
Wuhan, CN hard
Xi'an, CN hard
Xiamen, CN hard
Yangon, MM hard

🌎 North America (78 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Albuquerque, US hard
Anchorage, US hard
Atlanta, US hard
Austin, US hard
Baltimore, US hard
Baton Rouge, US hard
Boise, US hard
Boston, US hard
Bridgetown, BB hard
Buffalo, US hard
Calgary, CA hard
Cancun, MX hard
Charleston, US hard
Charlotte, US hard
Chattanooga, US hard
Chicago, US hard
Denver, US hard
Des Moines, US hard
Detroit, US hard
Edmonton, CA hard
El Paso, US hard
Fargo, US hard
Fresno, US hard
Guadalajara, MX hard
Halifax, CA hard
Hartford, US hard
Havana, CU hard
Honolulu, US hard
Houston, US hard
Jacksonville, US hard
Kansas City, US hard
Kingston, JM hard
Knoxville, US hard
Las Vegas, US hard
Little Rock, US hard
Los Angeles, US hard
Louisville, US hard
Lubbock, US hard
Madison, US hard
Memphis, US hard
Mexico City, MX hard
Miami, US hard
Milwaukee, US hard
Minneapolis, US hard
Monterrey, MX hard
Montreal, CA hard
Nashville, US hard
New Orleans, US hard
New York, US hard
Oaxaca, MX hard
Oklahoma City, US hard
Omaha, US hard
Ottawa, CA hard
Panama City, PA hard
Phoenix, US hard
Pittsburgh, US hard
Portland, US hard
Puebla, MX hard
Quebec City, CA hard
Raleigh, US hard
Richmond, US hard
Sacramento, US hard
Salt Lake City, US hard
San Diego, US hard
San Francisco, US hard
San Jose, CR hard
Santo Domingo, DO hard
Saskatoon, CA hard
Savannah, US hard
Seattle, US hard
Spokane, US hard
St. Louis, US hard
Tampa, US hard
Toronto, CA hard
Tucson, US hard
Vancouver, CA hard
Victoria, CA hard
Winnipeg, CA hard

🌍 Africa (39 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Abidjan, CI hard
Accra, GH hard
Addis Ababa, ET hard
Algiers, DZ hard
Antananarivo, MG hard
Arusha, TZ hard
Bamako, ML hard
Bloemfontein, ZA hard
Cairo, EG hard
Cape Town, ZA hard
Casablanca, MA hard
Dakar, SN hard
Dar es Salaam, TZ hard
Douala, CM hard
Durban, ZA hard
Entebbe, UG hard
Fez, MA hard
Freetown, SL hard
Harare, ZW hard
Johannesburg, ZA hard
Kampala, UG hard
Kigali, RW hard
Kinshasa, CD hard
Lagos, NG hard
Libreville, GA hard
Lilongwe, MW hard
Lome, TG hard
Luanda, AO hard
Lusaka, ZM hard
Maputo, MZ hard
Marrakech, MA hard
Mombasa, KE hard
Nairobi, KE hard
Ouagadougou, BF hard
Port Louis, MU hard
Pretoria, ZA hard
Tunis, TN hard
Windhoek, NA hard
Zanzibar, TZ hard

🌎 South America (39 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Arequipa, PE hard
Asuncion, PY hard
Barranquilla, CO hard
Belem, BR hard
Bogota, CO hard
Brasilia, BR hard
Buenos Aires, AR hard
Cali, CO hard
Campinas, BR hard
Caracas, VE hard
Cartagena, CO hard
Concepcion, CL hard
Cordoba, AR hard
Curitiba, BR hard
Cusco, PE hard
Fortaleza, BR hard
Georgetown, GY hard
Goiania, BR hard
Guayaquil, EC hard
La Paz, BO hard
Lima, PE hard
Manaus, BR hard
Medellin, CO hard
Mendoza, AR hard
Montevideo, UY hard
Paramaribo, SR hard
Port of Spain, TT hard
Porto Alegre, BR hard
Quito, EC hard
Recife, BR hard
Rio de Janeiro, BR hard
Rosario, AR hard
Salvador, BR hard
Santa Cruz, BO hard
Santiago, CL hard
Sao Paulo, BR hard
Sucre, BO hard
Trujillo, PE hard
Valparaiso, CL hard

🌊 Oceania (19 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Adelaide, AU hard
Alice Springs, AU hard
Auckland, NZ hard
Brisbane, AU hard
Cairns, AU hard
Canberra, AU hard
Christchurch, NZ hard
Darwin, AU hard
Dunedin, NZ hard
Gold Coast, AU hard
Hamilton, NZ hard
Hobart, AU hard
Melbourne, AU hard
Noumea, NC hard
Perth, AU hard
Suva, FJ hard
Sydney, AU hard
Townsville, AU hard
Wellington, NZ hard

🕌 Middle East (16 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Abu Dhabi, AE hard
Amman, JO hard
Baghdad, IQ hard
Beirut, LB hard
Doha, QA hard
Dubai, AE hard
Erbil, IQ hard
Jeddah, SA hard
Kuwait City, KW hard
Manama, BH hard
Muscat, OM hard
Riyadh, SA hard
Sana'a, YE hard
Tabriz, IR hard
Tehran, IR hard
Tel Aviv, IL hard

When should I plant saffron in my city?

The best time to plant saffron depends on your local climate zone. It thrives in temperatures between 12°C and 22°C. Since saffron is frost tolerant, you can plant it before the last frost date. Check your city's planting calendar on GrowByCity for exact dates.

Can I grow saffron in winter?

Yes, saffron is frost tolerant and can handle temperatures down to -10°C. In many climates, it can be grown through winter with some protection.

Get Saffron Seeds & Plants

Ready to start growing? Find Saffron seeds and starter plants online.

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Similar Growing Requirements

Frequently Asked Questions about Saffron

When should I plant saffron?

The best time to plant saffron depends on your local climate. Saffron grows best in temperatures between 12°C and 22°C (can tolerate -10°C to 30°C). Saffron is frost tolerant, so it can be planted earlier in spring or later in fall. Check your city's planting calendar on GrowByCity for exact planting months.

Can saffron grow in tropical climates?

Saffron is not well-suited for tropical climates. It prefers cooler conditions with temperatures between 12°C and 22°C. In tropical areas, it may bolt, fail to fruit, or suffer from heat stress. Consider growing it in cooler seasons or at higher elevations.

How long does saffron take to grow?

Saffron typically takes 45-60 days from planting to harvest. It requires full sun and low watering. Plant corms in late summer. Blooms in fall. Can be planted 2-3 weeks before the last expected frost, giving it a head start on the growing season. Overwatering is the most common mistake. Let soil dry out between waterings and ensure drainage is excellent.

Find the Best Time to Plant Saffron

See the planting calendar for Saffron in these popular cities:

Last updated: March 2026 · Climate data from NOAA, FAO, USDA

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