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Vegetable Full Sun Regular water

Cauliflower

Written by the GrowByCity Editorial Team · Updated April 2026
2 min read

Demanding but rewarding brassica. Hardy enough to withstand light frosts down to 0°C, cauliflower performs best when daytime temperatures stay between 10°C and 20°C. Give it full sun (6-8 hours of direct light daily) and regular watering to keep soil consistently moist, and expect to harvest in roughly 55-100 days. Widely grown in home gardens around the world, it adapts to a range of soil types and growing conditions.

Harvest 55-100 days
Temp Range 0°C — 24°C
Frost Tolerant ❄

Quick Answer: How to Grow Cauliflower

Cauliflower takes 55-100 days to harvest. It grows best in 10–20°C with full sun and regular watering. Cauliflower is frost tolerant and can handle temperatures down to 0°C. It can be grown in 350 cities worldwide.

Find the best time to plant Cauliflower in your city →

Growing Requirements

☀️
Sun
Full Sun
💧
Water
Regular
❄️
Frost
Tolerant
📅
Harvest
55-100 days

Temperature Range

10-20°C
-10°C 45°C
Optimal: 10–20°C Tolerates: 0–24°C
Tropical suitable: No
Cities growing: 350 of 350

Growing Tips

💡

Expert Tips

Blanch curds by tying leaves over the head. Very sensitive to heat and inconsistent watering. Can be planted 2-3 weeks before the last expected frost, giving it a head start on the growing season. Aim for about 2.5 cm of water per week, adjusting for rainfall. Organic mulch around the base helps maintain even moisture.

Quick Facts

  • Grows in 350 of 350 cities
  • Available in 7 regions worldwide
  • Temperature range: 0°C to 24°C
  • Optimal growing: 10°C to 20°C
  • Harvest in 55-100 days

Did You Know?

  • 🌱 Cauliflower is frost-tolerant, meaning it can survive light frosts and even thrive in cooler temperatures.
  • 🌱 Cauliflower needs at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.

Step-by-Step Growing Guide

Cauliflower is the most demanding and least forgiving brassica — it requires precise cool temperatures (10–18°C) during head development. Any heat stress, cold shock, or inconsistent watering produces small, loose, or discoloured heads (called 'buttoning'). Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before transplanting for spring crops; transplant when temperatures reliably stay below 24°C. Grow in deeply prepared, fertile soil at pH 6.0–7.5. Incorporate generous compost and 200g per square metre of balanced fertiliser. Space 60–75cm apart in rows 75–90cm apart. Water abundantly and consistently — up to 4cm per week — never allowing soil to dry. Feed with nitrogen fertiliser every 3 weeks. As the central head (curd) begins to form and reaches 5–8cm across, draw outer leaves together over the curd and secure loosely with a rubber band — this 'blanching' keeps curds white and tender, preventing sunlight from creating a yellow or purple discolouration (except in coloured varieties).

Common Pests & Problems

Whiptail (molybdenum deficiency) causes distorted, strap-like leaves and failure to form a proper head — apply sodium molybdate as a foliar spray at 1g per 10 litres in affected gardens. Downy mildew produces irregular yellow patches with grey fuzz on the underside in cool, wet weather — improve spacing and avoid wetting foliage. Brown curd is caused by boron deficiency in sandy or alkaline soils — apply borax at 15g per 10 square metres. Caterpillars and aphids present the same challenges as other brassicas — use Bt spray and insect mesh consistently.

Harvest & Storage

Harvest when the head is 15–25cm across, pure white (for standard types), firm, and tightly curded — before the curd begins to separate and individual florets become visible. Once individual florets start to show, flavour deteriorates within days. Cut with a long knife, leaving several outer leaves intact to protect the curd. Store at 0–1°C with 90–95% humidity for up to 3 weeks. Refrigerated cauliflower head-down in a bag keeps for 1–2 weeks. Blanch and freeze for up to 12 months.

Popular Varieties

Snowball Self-Blanching is the classic white variety with self-wrapping leaves that curl inward to protect the curd naturally — reliable and widely adapted. Cheddar is a stunning orange-curd variety rich in beta-carotene with a milder, slightly sweeter flavour than white types. Purple of Sicily is an heirloom purple variety that turns green when cooked — nutty flavour and dramatic appearance, no need for blanching. Romanesco (often classified as cauliflower or broccoli depending on region) produces the remarkable spiral, chartreuse-green, fractal-patterned head with delicate, nutty flavour.

Companion Plants for Cauliflower

✓ Good Companions

These plants grow well alongside Cauliflower:

CeleryBeanOnionOregano

✗ Avoid Planting Near

Keep these plants away from Cauliflower:

StrawberryTomato

Learn more about companion planting.

Where to Grow Cauliflower

Cauliflower can be grown in 350 cities across 7 regions worldwide

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Europe

80 cities
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Asia

79 cities
🌎

North America

78 cities
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Africa

39 cities
🌎

South America

39 cities
🌊

Oceania

19 cities
🕌

Middle East

16 cities

🌍 Europe (80 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Aarhus, DK hard
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Amsterdam, NL hard
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Ankara, TR hard
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Antalya, TR hard
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Athens, GR hard
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Barcelona, ES hard
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Bari, IT hard
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Belgrade, RS hard
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Bergen, NO hard
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Berlin, DE hard
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Bilbao, ES hard
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Bologna, IT hard
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Bordeaux, FR hard
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Bratislava, SK hard
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Brussels, BE hard
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Bucharest, RO hard
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Budapest, HU hard
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Catania, IT hard
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Cologne, DE hard
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Copenhagen, DK hard
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Corfu, GR hard
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Cork, IE hard
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Dublin, IE hard
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Dubrovnik, HR hard
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Edinburgh, GB hard
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Florence, IT hard
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Frankfurt, DE hard
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Gdansk, PL hard
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Genoa, IT hard
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Glasgow, GB hard
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Gothenburg, SE hard
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Hamburg, DE hard
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Helsinki, FI hard
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Heraklion, GR hard
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Istanbul, TR hard
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Izmir, TR hard
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Krakow, PL hard
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Kyiv, UA hard
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Limassol, CY hard
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Lisbon, PT hard
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Ljubljana, SI hard
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London, GB hard
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Lyon, FR hard
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Madrid, ES hard
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Malaga, ES hard
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Marseille, FR hard
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Milan, IT hard
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Munich, DE hard
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Naples, IT hard
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Nice, FR hard
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Nicosia, CY hard
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Oslo, NO hard
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Palermo, IT hard
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Paris, FR hard
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Porto, PT hard
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Poznan, PL hard
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Prague, CZ hard
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Reykjavik, IS hard
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Riga, LV hard
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Rome, IT hard
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Seville, ES hard
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Sofia, BG hard
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Split, HR hard
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Stockholm, SE hard
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Strasbourg, FR hard
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Stuttgart, DE hard
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Tallinn, EE hard
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Thessaloniki, GR hard
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Tirana, AL hard
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Toulouse, FR hard
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Turin, IT hard
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Turku, FI hard
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Valencia, ES hard
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Valletta, MT hard
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Verona, IT hard
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Vienna, AT hard
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Vilnius, LT hard
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Warsaw, PL hard
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Zagreb, HR hard
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Zurich, CH hard
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🌏 Asia (79 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Ahmedabad, IN hard
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Almaty, KZ hard
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Bali, ID hard
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Bandung, ID hard
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Bangalore, IN hard
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Bangkok, TH hard
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Beijing, CN hard
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Busan, KR hard
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Cebu, PH hard
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Chandigarh, IN hard
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Chengdu, CN hard
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Chennai, IN hard
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Chiang Mai, TH hard
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Chittagong, BD hard
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Chongqing, CN hard
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Coimbatore, IN hard
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Colombo, LK hard
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Da Nang, VN hard
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Dalian, CN hard
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Davao, PH hard
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Delhi, IN hard
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Dhaka, BD hard
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Dharan, NP hard
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Fukuoka, JP hard
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Galle, LK hard
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Guangzhou, CN hard
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Hangzhou, CN hard
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Hanoi, VN hard
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Harbin, CN hard
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Ho Chi Minh City, VN hard
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Hong Kong, HK hard
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Hyderabad, IN hard
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Incheon, KR hard
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Indore, IN hard
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Islamabad, PK hard
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Jaipur, IN hard
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Jakarta, ID hard
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Jeju, KR hard
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Johor Bahru, MY hard
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Karachi, PK hard
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Kathmandu, NP hard
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Kochi, IN hard
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Kolkata, IN hard
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Kuala Lumpur, MY hard
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Kunming, CN hard
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Kyoto, JP hard
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Lahore, PK hard
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Lucknow, IN hard
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Manila, PH hard
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Mumbai, IN hard
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Nagoya, JP hard
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Nanjing, CN hard
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Nha Trang, VN hard
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Okinawa, JP hard
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Osaka, JP hard
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Pattaya, TH hard
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Penang, MY hard
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Phnom Penh, KH hard
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Pune, IN hard
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Sapporo, JP hard
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Seoul, KR hard
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Shanghai, CN hard
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Shenzhen, CN hard
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Siem Reap, KH hard
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Singapore, SG hard
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Surabaya, ID hard
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Surat, IN hard
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Taipei, TW hard
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Tashkent, UZ hard
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Tbilisi, GE hard
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Tokyo, JP hard
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Ulaanbaatar, MN hard
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Varanasi, IN hard
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Vientiane, LA hard
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Visakhapatnam, IN hard
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Wuhan, CN hard
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Xi'an, CN hard
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Xiamen, CN hard
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Yangon, MM hard
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🌎 North America (78 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Albuquerque, US hard
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Anchorage, US hard
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Atlanta, US hard
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Austin, US hard
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Baltimore, US hard
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Baton Rouge, US hard
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Boise, US hard
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Boston, US hard
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Bridgetown, BB hard
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Buffalo, US hard
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Calgary, CA hard
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Cancun, MX hard
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Charleston, US hard
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Charlotte, US hard
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Chattanooga, US hard
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Chicago, US hard
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Denver, US hard
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Des Moines, US hard
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Detroit, US hard
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Edmonton, CA hard
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El Paso, US hard
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Fargo, US hard
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Fresno, US hard
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Guadalajara, MX hard
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Halifax, CA hard
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Hartford, US hard
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Havana, CU hard
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Honolulu, US hard
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Houston, US hard
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Jacksonville, US hard
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Kansas City, US hard
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Kingston, JM hard
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Knoxville, US hard
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Las Vegas, US hard
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Little Rock, US hard
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Los Angeles, US hard
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Louisville, US hard
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Lubbock, US hard
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Madison, US hard
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Memphis, US hard
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Mexico City, MX hard
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Miami, US hard
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Milwaukee, US hard
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Minneapolis, US hard
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Monterrey, MX hard
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Montreal, CA hard
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Nashville, US hard
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New Orleans, US hard
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New York, US hard
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Oaxaca, MX hard
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Oklahoma City, US hard
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Omaha, US hard
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Ottawa, CA hard
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Panama City, PA hard
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Phoenix, US hard
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Pittsburgh, US hard
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Portland, US hard
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Puebla, MX hard
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Quebec City, CA hard
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Raleigh, US hard
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Richmond, US hard
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Sacramento, US hard
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Salt Lake City, US hard
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San Diego, US hard
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San Francisco, US hard
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San Jose, CR hard
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Santo Domingo, DO hard
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Saskatoon, CA hard
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Savannah, US hard
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Seattle, US hard
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Spokane, US hard
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St. Louis, US hard
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Tampa, US hard
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Toronto, CA hard
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Tucson, US hard
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Vancouver, CA hard
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Victoria, CA hard
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Winnipeg, CA hard
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🌍 Africa (39 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Abidjan, CI hard
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Accra, GH hard
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Addis Ababa, ET hard
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Algiers, DZ hard
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Antananarivo, MG hard
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Arusha, TZ hard
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Bamako, ML hard
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Bloemfontein, ZA hard
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Cairo, EG hard
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Cape Town, ZA hard
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Casablanca, MA hard
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Dakar, SN hard
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Dar es Salaam, TZ hard
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Douala, CM hard
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Durban, ZA hard
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Entebbe, UG hard
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Fez, MA hard
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Freetown, SL hard
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Harare, ZW hard
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Johannesburg, ZA hard
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Kampala, UG hard
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Kigali, RW hard
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Kinshasa, CD hard
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Lagos, NG hard
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Libreville, GA hard
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Lilongwe, MW hard
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Lome, TG hard
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Luanda, AO hard
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Lusaka, ZM hard
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Maputo, MZ hard
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Marrakech, MA hard
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Mombasa, KE hard
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Nairobi, KE hard
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Ouagadougou, BF hard
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Port Louis, MU hard
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Pretoria, ZA hard
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Tunis, TN hard
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Windhoek, NA hard
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Zanzibar, TZ hard
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🌎 South America (39 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Arequipa, PE hard
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Asuncion, PY hard
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Barranquilla, CO hard
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Belem, BR hard
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Bogota, CO hard
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Brasilia, BR hard
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Buenos Aires, AR hard
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Cali, CO hard
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Campinas, BR hard
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Caracas, VE hard
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Cartagena, CO hard
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Concepcion, CL hard
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Cordoba, AR hard
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Curitiba, BR hard
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Cusco, PE hard
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Fortaleza, BR hard
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Georgetown, GY hard
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Goiania, BR hard
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Guayaquil, EC hard
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La Paz, BO hard
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Lima, PE hard
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Manaus, BR hard
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Medellin, CO hard
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Mendoza, AR hard
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Montevideo, UY hard
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Paramaribo, SR hard
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Port of Spain, TT hard
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Porto Alegre, BR hard
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Quito, EC hard
✓
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Recife, BR hard
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Rio de Janeiro, BR hard
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Rosario, AR hard
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Salvador, BR hard
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Santa Cruz, BO hard
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Santiago, CL hard
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Sao Paulo, BR hard
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Sucre, BO hard
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Trujillo, PE hard
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Valparaiso, CL hard
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🌊 Oceania (19 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Adelaide, AU hard
✓
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Alice Springs, AU hard
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Auckland, NZ hard
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Brisbane, AU hard
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Cairns, AU hard
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Canberra, AU hard
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Christchurch, NZ hard
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Darwin, AU hard
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Dunedin, NZ hard
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Gold Coast, AU hard
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Hamilton, NZ hard
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Hobart, AU hard
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Melbourne, AU hard
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Noumea, NC hard
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Perth, AU hard
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Suva, FJ hard
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Sydney, AU hard
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Townsville, AU hard
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Wellington, NZ hard
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🕌 Middle East (16 cities)

City Level JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Abu Dhabi, AE hard
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✓
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Amman, JO hard
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Baghdad, IQ hard
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Beirut, LB hard
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Doha, QA hard
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Dubai, AE hard
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Erbil, IQ hard
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Jeddah, SA hard
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Kuwait City, KW hard
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Manama, BH hard
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Muscat, OM hard
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Riyadh, SA hard
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Sana'a, YE hard
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Tabriz, IR hard
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Tehran, IR hard
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Tel Aviv, IL hard
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✓
✓
✓

When should I plant cauliflower in my city?

The best time to plant cauliflower depends on your local climate zone. It thrives in temperatures between 10°C and 20°C. Since cauliflower is frost tolerant, you can plant it before the last frost date. Check your city's planting calendar on GrowByCity for exact dates.

Can I grow cauliflower in winter?

Yes, cauliflower is frost tolerant and can handle temperatures down to 0°C. In many climates, it can be grown through winter with some protection.

Get Cauliflower Seeds & Plants

Ready to start growing? Find Cauliflower seeds and starter plants online.

Shop on Burpee Search on Amazon

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Similar Growing Requirements

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Vegetable · Full Sun

15-24°C
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Zucchini

Vegetable · Full Sun

18-27°C
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Spinach

Vegetable · Partial Shade OK

5-18°C
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Vegetable · Full Sun to Partial Shade

5-20°C

Frequently Asked Questions about Cauliflower

When should I plant cauliflower?

The best time to plant cauliflower depends on your local climate. Cauliflower grows best in temperatures between 10°C and 20°C (can tolerate 0°C to 24°C). Cauliflower is frost tolerant, so it can be planted earlier in spring or later in fall. Check your city's planting calendar on GrowByCity for exact planting months.

Can cauliflower grow in tropical climates?

Cauliflower is not well-suited for tropical climates. It prefers cooler conditions with temperatures between 10°C and 20°C. In tropical areas, it may bolt, fail to fruit, or suffer from heat stress. Consider growing it in cooler seasons or at higher elevations.

How long does cauliflower take to grow?

Cauliflower typically takes 55-100 days from planting to harvest. It requires full sun and regular watering. Blanch curds by tying leaves over the head. Very sensitive to heat and inconsistent watering. Can be planted 2-3 weeks before the last expected frost, giving it a head start on the growing season. Aim for about 2.5 cm of water per week, adjusting for rainfall. Organic mulch around the base helps maintain even moisture.

Find the Best Time to Plant Cauliflower

See the planting calendar for Cauliflower in these popular cities:

London, GBMumbai, INNew York, USParis, FRSingapore, SGSydney, AUTokyo, JPToronto, CA

Last updated: March 2026 · Climate data from NOAA, FAO, USDA

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